Air Temperatures – The following high temperatures (F) were recorded across the state of Hawaii Sunday…along with the low temperatures Sunday:

78 – 69  Lihue, Kauai
83 – 73  Honolulu, Oahu
77 – 69  Molokai AP
80 – 70  Kahului AP, Maui
82 – 73  Kailua Kona
82 – 70  Hilo AP, Hawaii

Here are the latest 24-hour precipitation totals (inches) for each of the islands Sunday evening:

2.27  Kilohana, Kauai
3.47  Moanalua RG, Oahu
1.08  Molokai
0.19  Lanai
 0.00  Kahoolawe
1.97  West Wailuaiki, Maui
1.25  Waiaha, Big Island

The following numbers represent the strongest wind gusts (mph) Sunday evening:

29  Port Allen, Kauai
35  Kuaokala, Oahu
24  Molokai
28  Lanai
30  Kahoolawe
29  Maalaea Bay, Maui
27  Kealakomo, Big Island

Hawaii’s Mountains – Here’s a link to the live webcam on the summit of our tallest mountain Mauna Kea (nearly 13,800 feet high) on the Big Island of Hawaii. Here’s the webcam for the Haleakala Crater on Maui. These webcams are available during the daylight hours here in the islands, and at night whenever there’s a big moon shining down. Also, at night you will be able to see the stars — and the sunrise and sunset too — depending upon weather conditions.


Aloha Paragraphs


http://weather.unisys.com/satellite/sat_ir_enh_west_loop-12.gif
High pressure north-northwest, low pressure systems northeast and west-northwest…which will bring our trade winds back

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/cpac/ir4.jpg
Deep clouds northwest and north…associated with a low pressure system

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/hi/ir4.jpg
A cloud band is moving down through the state…with higher clouds approaching from the west

https://radar.weather.gov/Conus/RadarImg/hawaii.gif
Showers are falling along the cloud band – Looping image

 

~~~ Hawaii Weather Narrative ~~~

 

Small Craft Advisory…coasts and channels except leeward Maui County and the Big Island

 

Broad Brush Overview: The recent light southeasterly breezes have given way to the return of trade winds…strengthening some into Tuesday. A band of clouds and showers has reached Kauai and Oahu, and will continue to move southeast over Maui County, then on to the Big Island. The showers will focus over the windward and mountain areas, extending into the leeward areas only locally on the smaller islands. A new cold front will approach Thursday, causing the trades to become lighter. Look for this front to move down the island chain by next weekend, bringing showers.

Details: As for this rather modest and shallow cloud band, look for the showers to focus their efforts along the windward coasts and slopes. The remnant moisture will get hung up for a while in those areas, after the band has moved on. Weather conditions will become drier over the smaller islands by Monday. As for the Big Island, the clearing process may take a little longer, due to the larger physical terrain features there. The models have the trade winds strengthening to moderate levels in the wake of this cloud band. We may see small craft advisory level winds over the windiest marine zones on the eastern islands…with time.

Looking Ahead:  The trades will remain at moderate levels for the most part through Wednesday night. Then as we push into Thursday, the trades will rather abruptly end as a cold front nears Kauai. South to southeasterly breezes will take over Friday, as the cold front edges in closer to the islands. The front is expected to move down through the island chain during the weekend. In contrast to the current shallow cloud band, it will be accompanied by an upper level trough. Thus, there’s the potential for some associated heavy rainfall…with localized flooding possible then.

Here’s a wind profile of the Pacific Ocean – Closer view of the islands / Here’s the vog forecast animation / Here’s the latest weather map

Marine environment details: No marine warnings or advisories are likely to be in effect for the next couple of days. Light winds will give way to moderate trades, which will persist through Tuesday. Winds may approach Small Craft Advisory (SCA) levels in the windiest marine zones around Maui County and the Big Island Tuesday or Wednesday. Winds will begin to shift to the east-southeast late Tuesday through the second half of the upcoming week, as a cold front approaches from the west…and stalls west of Kauai. This front may bring a period of wet weather during the second half of the week into next weekend.

The current northwest swell will lower, with a more northerly swell filling arriving. Small south swells should provide above flat surf for the south facing shores over the next few days. Surf heights will remain below advisory levels on all shores through the early part of the new week.

A broad low is forecast to develop and move into the northeast Pacific late this weekend and direct a large swath of gale force winds towards the islands. This should translate to a building north-northeast swell late Tuesday, and could bring advisory level surf to north and east facing shores through at least Thursday…possibly longer for east facing shores.

 

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Hula Dancing…Honolulu, Oahu



World-wide Tropical Cyclone activity

Here’s the latest Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) Weather Wall Presentation covering Tropical Cyclone 14S (Eliakim) in the South Indian Ocean, and Tropical Cyclone 15S (Marcus)…in addition to Invest 96W in the western Pacific

https://icons.wxug.com/data/images/sst_basin/gl_sst_mm.gif


>>> Atlantic Ocean:

>>> Caribbean Sea:

>>> Gulf of Mexico:

Here’s a satellite image of the Caribbean Sea…and the Gulf of Mexico

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Eastern Pacific:

Here’s a wide satellite image that covers the entire area between Mexico, out through the central Pacific…to the International Dateline.

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Central Pacific:

Here’s a link to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)

>>> Northwest Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclones

>>> South Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclones


>>> North and South Indian Oceans / Arabian Sea:

Tropical Cyclone 14S (Eliakim)

JTWC textual forecast warning
JTWC graphical track map
NOAA satellite image

Tropical Cyclone 15S (Marcus)

JTWC textual forecast warning
JTWC graphical track map
NOAA satellite image

Here’s a link to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)


Interesting: How Stephen Hawking Transformed Humanity’s View of the Universe – Renowned physicist Stephen Hawking died peacefully March 14 at age 76 at his home in Cambridge, England.

Hawking will be remembered by many as a cultural force — the brilliant thinker who wrote “A Brief History of Time” and played himself on “Star Trek: The Next Generation,” “The Simpsons” and “The Big Bang Theory.” He published more than 10 popular books (including a series of children’s books, co-written with his daughter, Lucy) and was the subject of more than 15 documentary films and biopics. He once threw a party for time travelers (which nobody attended). He did it all while living with the incurable degenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which put him in a wheelchair for much of his life.

But beyond his inspirational biography and pop-culture bona fides, Hawking will also be remembered as perhaps the most important physicist of the second half of the 20th century. Hawking’s work on black holes, quantum mechanics and the origins of the universe advanced the theories of previous thinkers like Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg, providing the most comprehensive explanation for the behavior of the cosmos to date.

“My goal is simple,” Hawking was quoted as saying in a 1989 biography. “It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”

Here, we recall some of Hawking’s biggest theories about life, the universe and everything.

Before the Big Bang

Hawking began sharing his vision of the universe in 1966 while studying physics at the University of Cambridge, when he turned in a doctoral thesis on the origin of the universe.

At the time, scientists understood the universe to be expanding, though they did not know why. Hawking proposed the first description of what we now know as the Big Bang: somewhere, at the earliest edges of time, the universe began as a single point of infinitely small, massively dense space-time — a “singularity,” as Hawking described it. From this single point, our entire expanding universe burst forth, bringing with it all the laws of time and physics we understand today, Hawking said.

“There is a singularity in our past, which constitutes, in some sense, a beginning to the universe,” Hawking eventually wrote in the preface of his first book, “The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time” (1973).

Over the years following his graduation from the University of Cambridge, Hawking attempted to describe that universal starting point mathematically. By applying a complex model inspired by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Hawking and his colleague Roger Penrose created the first of several singularity theorems, which described the cosmological conditions required for a singularity in space-time to exist.

Escaping a black hole

Hawking had a fascination with the places where physics seemingly broke down. This included, famously, his study of black holes — stars that have collapsed into themselves, creating a vortex so gravitationally intense that not even light can escape them.

While working at the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge, Hawking began studying black holes through the lens of thermodynamics. In 1973, he published (along with several colleagues) a paper detailing the four laws of black hole mechanics, describing the warped physics of the mysterious celestial bodies through a series of complex equations.

Hawking continued studying black holes and, soon after, had the eureka moment for which he is best known.

At the time, it was thought that nothing could escape the strong gravitational pull of black holes. In 1974, Hawking showed that, under certain conditions, black holes actually could create and emit subatomic particles, eventually dissolving and finally exploding in an intense burst of energy. In other words: Black holes were not completely black after all.

This stream of energy radiated by black holes was later named Hawking radiation, after he described it in a 1974 paper titled “Black Hole Explosions?”

A theory of everything

The discovery of Hawking radiation changed the way researchers understand the universe. By attempting to knit together the laws of gravity, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and relativity, the study of black hole radiation also pointed to the existence of a so-called “theory of everything” — a single, unified theory of physics that described the behavior of the universe.

“Black hole radiation raises serious puzzles we are still working very hard to understand,”  Sean Carroll, a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology, told New Scientist. “It’s fair to say that Hawking radiation is the single biggest clue we have to the ultimate reconciliation of quantum mechanics and gravity, arguably the greatest challenge facing theoretical physics today.”

Hawking continued publishing papers for the following four and a half decades, but became most famous in his later career as a science communicator. He has drawn attention lately for his concerns about humanity’s future in regards to artificial intelligence, his vocal opposition of wars and his insistence that leaders like U.S. President Donald Trump take the threats of climate change more seriously. A few weeks ago, he told celebrity physicist Neil deGrasse Tyson his theory about what happened before the Big Bang.

Still, Hawking’s most lasting quotes may be about the importance of communication itself.

“Mankind’s greatest achievements have come about by talking, and its greatest failures by not talking,” Hawking said. “It doesn’t have to be like this. Our greatest hopes could become reality in the future. With the technology at our disposal, the possibilities are unbounded. All we need to do is make sure we keep talking.”